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Laundering & ObfuscationStructuring / Smurfing

Structuring / Smurfing

concept

Core idea

Breaks a large sum into many small transactions to stay under reporting or monitoring thresholds instead of moving it in one flagged transfer.

When to use

Watch for repeated, near-identical, sub-threshold amounts from the same cluster within a short window.

Example

Dozens of transfers of just under a reporting threshold leave one cluster within an hour, each to a different deposit address.

On-Chain Laundering Pattern Catalogue, Money Mule Networks

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